Quick Anatomy of the Spine
In social club to empathize spinal fractures, nosotros must commencement empathize some basic anatomy of the spine, most importantly, the vertebrae. Vertebrae are the stacked butterfly-shaped bones that brand upwardly the spinal column. For identification purposes, each of the vertebrae are labeled amongst a missive of the alphabet together with number. This makes it easier for a medical professional person to utter close the injury together with easier for the patient to empathize where the injury has occurred. Spinal injuries tin likewise locomote classified depending on severity (which volition locomote discussed inward exceptional later). The spine is broken into iv categories: cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, together with sacrum.
> Cervical Spine- The cervical spine is basically your neck. It begins at the base of operations of your skull together with ends at close the shoulder blades. There are 7 cervical vertebrae labeled C1 through C7. “C” correspond cervical together with the numbers correspond each os starting from the skull, down. Easy enough.
> Thoracic Spine- The thoracic spine makes upwardly the middle of your back. Most of the thoracic vertebrae are connected to rib bones, making this department relatively stable. There are twelve vertebrae labeled T1 through T12. Again, “T” stands for thoracic together with each os is labeled from the top down. Fractures inward the thoracic spine are uncommon. Fracturing of the vertebrae are to a greater extent than probable to occur inward the portion where the thoracic together with lumbar spines meet, called the thoracolumbar.
> Lumbar Spine- The lumbar spine makes upwardly your lower back. Many back-related injuries occur inward this section. There are mostly 5 vertebrae inward this region, but in that location tin locomote half dozen together with some tin locomote fused amongst the tailbone. These vertebrae are larger together with stronger than the others, but likewise nether to a greater extent than pressure. This department of the dorsum is responsible for carrying a bulk of the trunk weight.
> Sacrum/Coccyx- The sacrum is mutual referred to every bit the tailbone. It is made upwardly of iv or 5 vertebrae that are fused into i long bone. It is likewise considered role of the pelvis.
Types of Spinal Fractures
Several different types of fractures tin occur to the spine. They are called: Compression, Burst, Flexion-distraction, together with Fracture-dislocation.
> Compression Fracture- A compression fracture is aptly named since it occurs when compression, or pressure, causes the vertebra to cave inward on itself. Although this type of fracture is most mutual inward those amongst osteoporosis, it tin occur every bit a consequence of trauma. Most compression fractures locomote on inward the lower thoracic portion or the upper lumbar region, due to the high amount of stress those sections of the spine carry. There are unlike sub-types of compression fractures: wedge, crush, together with outburst (burst fractures volition locomote discussed in-depth later).
o Wedge Fracture- This is the most mutual cast of compression fracture. It occurs when the front end of the vertebra (the circular cylindrical part) crushes, leaving the back-half of the os intact.
o Crush Fracture- Unlike the wedge fracture, a shell fracture causes the whole os to cave inward on itself instead of but the front end [2].
> Burst Fracture- A burst fracture occurs when the entire os is crushed—which is why it’s technically a compression-type—causing it to interruption out inward multiple directions. When the os bursts, it often sends liberate pieces of os fragments into surrounding tissue and/or the spinal cord. Often, outburst fractures are caused past times severe trauma similar auto accidents. This type of fracture is considered severe together with requires emergency medical attention.
> Flexion-distraction- Flexion-distraction fractures occur every bit a consequence of extreme forrad displace on the spine, similar those caused inward an auto accident. Although the spine is designed to flex forward, a abrupt together with fierce displace forrad tin campaign i vertebra, or multiple vertebrae, to break. Flexion fractures are often the consequence of a vehicle rider solely wearing a lap seatbelt. Because in that location is no cross-body strap, the spine is complimentary to displace forward. This is i argue why it is together with then of import to article of apparel your seatbelt properly.
> Fracture-dislocation- A fracture-dislocation is non its ain unique type of fracture, but instead is something that occurs every bit a consequence of both a fracture and motion of the vertebrae. The combination of the ii is called fracture-dislocation (much similar the cite implies). Fracture-dislocations involve all parts of the affected spine together with every bit a consequence are unsafe together with debilitating.
Stable together with Unstable Fractures
A spinal fracture tin locomote either stable or unstable. This refers to the spines might to proceed supporting weight. Medical professionals volition often categorize a spinal injury into i of these ii categories.
> Stable Fracture- With a stable fracture, the spine tin nonetheless back upwardly together with behave your weight relatively well, though expectedly, non every bit good every bit if in that location were no fracture. This categorization likewise refers to a lack of spinal deformity together with nervus damage.
> Unstable Fracture- An unstable fracture is plainly the to a greater extent than unsafe of the two. With an unstable fracture, it is hard for the spine to behave together with distribute weight. Fractures categorized every bit unstable tin lead keep spinal deformity, atomic number 82 to nervus damage, and/or progressively teach worse.
Minor together with Major Fractures-
> Minor Fracture- H5N1 youngster fracture is classified every bit together with then because of the role of the os it affects. If a fracture occurs on the dorsum role of the os (called the posterior, non the principal cylindrical part) it is classified every bit minor. These types of fractures are commonly youngster because the posterior does non play a major role inward spinal stability.
> Major Fracture- H5N1 major fracture occurs on the middle or front end of the bone—the cylindrical role of the bone. Fractures that occur hither are considered major because of the amount weight this role of the vertebra carries. These types of fractures are commonly considered unstable together with seriousness inward nature. There is likewise a practiced gamble of misalignment and/or nervus damage.
References:
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
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